All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	29	4	25	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	25
SolidStart	29
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	4
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	25
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	390	11	207.84MB	186.51MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.81MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	1 / 6	227	8	124.34MB	99.61MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	119	1	60.05MB	63.60MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	1
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
React Router	6
SolidStart	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SvelteKit	1
SolidStart	8
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
Nuxt	63

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	60.05 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	124.34 MB
Astro	207.84 MB
Nuxt	208.81 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.44s	1.41s	1.47s	0.96s	0.87s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.52s	0.51s	0.53s	0.41s	0.41s	0.01MB
Next.js	2.81s	2.75s	2.88s	4.87s	4.82s	6.05MB
Nuxt	2.83s	2.69s	3.30s	3.72s	3.76s	2.46MB
React Router	1.12s	1.07s	1.18s	1.75s	1.62s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.23s	1.20s	1.25s	2.79s	2.77s	0.51MB
SvelteKit	1.18s	1.12s	1.28s	2.50s	2.42s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.99s	1.96s	2.04s	5.31s	5.13s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.52s
React Router	1.12s
SvelteKit	1.18s
SolidStart	1.23s
Astro	1.44s
TanStack Start	1.99s
Next.js	2.81s
Nuxt	2.83s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.41s
Astro	0.96s
React Router	1.75s
SvelteKit	2.50s
SolidStart	2.79s
Nuxt	3.72s
Next.js	4.87s
TanStack Start	5.31s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.41s
Astro	0.87s
React Router	1.62s
SvelteKit	2.42s
SolidStart	2.77s
Nuxt	3.76s
Next.js	4.82s
TanStack Start	5.13s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.51 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	30
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	185.2ms	185.27ms
Next.js	392.4ms	392.38ms
Nuxt	239.4ms	239.28ms
React Router	223ms	222.9ms
SolidStart	163.8ms	163.92ms
SvelteKit	190.8ms	190.67ms
TanStack Start	210.8ms	210.83ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SolidStart	163.80 ms
Astro	185.20 ms
SvelteKit	190.80 ms
TanStack Start	210.80 ms
React Router	223.00 ms
Nuxt	239.40 ms
Next.js	392.40 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SolidStart	163.92 ms
Astro	185.27 ms
SvelteKit	190.67 ms
TanStack Start	210.83 ms
React Router	222.90 ms
Nuxt	239.28 ms
Next.js	392.38 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	120.2ms	120.2ms
Mastro	118.6ms	118.61ms
Next.js	201.2ms	201.06ms
Nuxt	144ms	144.11ms
React Router	169ms	169.03ms
SolidStart	181.2ms	181.21ms
SvelteKit	136.8ms	136.75ms
TanStack Start	157.8ms	158.01ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Mastro	118.60 ms
Astro	120.20 ms
SvelteKit	136.80 ms
Nuxt	144.00 ms
TanStack Start	157.80 ms
React Router	169.00 ms
SolidStart	181.20 ms
Next.js	201.20 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Mastro	118.61 ms
Astro	120.20 ms
SvelteKit	136.75 ms
Nuxt	144.11 ms
TanStack Start	158.01 ms
React Router	169.03 ms
SolidStart	181.21 ms
Next.js	201.06 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	851	1.199ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	673	1.424ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	345	2.872ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	234	4.49ms	199.57kb	2x
Nuxt	364	2.661ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	350	2.825ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	429	2.256ms	224.17kb	2x
SvelteKit	453	2.136ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	332	2.997ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec data
Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	851
Astro	673
SvelteKit	453
SolidStart	429
Nuxt	364
React Router	350
Mastro	345
TanStack Start	332
Next.js	234

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size data
Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.57 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	224.17 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.20 ms
Astro	1.42 ms
SvelteKit	2.14 ms
SolidStart	2.26 ms
Nuxt	2.66 ms
React Router	2.83 ms
Mastro	2.87 ms
TanStack Start	3.00 ms
Next.js	4.49 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,615.8	200	19ms	44ms	109ms	47,872
Astro	1,230	100	35ms	67ms	209ms	36,795
Mastro	580	25	45ms	137ms	1381ms	18,305
Next.js	36	5	2228ms	4661ms	4628ms	997
Nuxt	64	5	2227ms	4397ms	4416ms	2,012
React Router	148.4	25	374ms	2179ms	3930ms	4,879
SolidStart	58.8	10	3448ms	4231ms	4031ms	1,806
SvelteKit	481.6	10	87ms	425ms	2546ms	15,480
TanStack Start	44	5	3705ms	4347ms	4636ms	1,349

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	19.00 ms
Astro	35.00 ms
Mastro	45.00 ms
SvelteKit	87.00 ms
React Router	374.00 ms
Nuxt	2227.00 ms
Next.js	2228.00 ms
SolidStart	3448.00 ms
TanStack Start	3705.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	44.00 ms
Astro	67.00 ms
Mastro	137.00 ms
SvelteKit	425.00 ms
React Router	2179.00 ms
SolidStart	4231.00 ms
TanStack Start	4347.00 ms
Nuxt	4397.00 ms
Next.js	4661.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	109.00 ms
Astro	209.00 ms
Mastro	1381.00 ms
SvelteKit	2546.00 ms
React Router	3930.00 ms
SolidStart	4031.00 ms
Nuxt	4416.00 ms
Next.js	4628.00 ms
TanStack Start	4636.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	17.00 ms
Astro	23.00 ms
Mastro	44.00 ms
SvelteKit	61.00 ms
React Router	173.00 ms
Nuxt	418.00 ms
SolidStart	641.00 ms
Next.js	785.00 ms
TanStack Start	808.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	33.00 ms
Astro	41.00 ms
Mastro	89.00 ms
SvelteKit	148.00 ms
React Router	351.00 ms
Nuxt	512.00 ms
SolidStart	649.00 ms
TanStack Start	847.00 ms
Next.js	2582.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	75.00 ms
Astro	81.00 ms
Mastro	189.00 ms
SvelteKit	233.00 ms
React Router	419.00 ms
Nuxt	751.00 ms
SolidStart	845.00 ms
TanStack Start	1458.00 ms
Next.js	2807.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.